Fixed Income – Valuation

Introduction to fixed income valuation (CFA Level II Suggested Reading

  • Principles and methodology of bond valuation
  • How the value of a bond changes with the change in discount rate
  • How the price of a bond changes as the bond approaches its maturity
  • Value of a zero-coupon bond
  • Accrued interest, and clean and dirty price of a bond
  • The deficiency of the traditional approach to valuation
  • The arbitrage-free valuation approach using Treasury spot rates
  • Stripping, reconstitution, and arbitrage profit that result when the price of a bond diverges from its arbitrage-free value

Term structure and volatility of interest rates (CFA Level II Suggested Reading

  • Shapes of the yield curve and the nature of shifts in the yield
  • Factors that drive Treasury returns
  • Securities used to construct the theoretical spot rate curve
  • Theories of the term structure of interest rates
  • Using key rate duration to measure and manage bond portfolio risk
  • Historical, implied and forecasted yield volatility

Credit analysis (CFA Level II Suggested Reading

  • Types of credit risk
  • The four Cs of credit: character, capacity to repay, collateral and covenants
  • Key ratios used credit analysis
  • High-yield debt and issuer structures
  • Using the equity perspective for analyzing high-yield issues
  • Credit analysis of asset-backed securities, municipal bonds, and sovereigns

Valuing bonds with embedded options (CFA Level II Suggested Reading

  • Constructing binomial interest rate trees
  • Valuing binomial interest rate trees with option-free bonds, callable bond and putable bonds
  • Decomposing the value of a callable/putable bonds into a straight bond and an option position
  • Option-adjusted spread versus nominal spread
  • Estimating effective duration and convexity
  • Basic features and calculated parameters of a convertible bond
  • Option-based valuation of a convertible bond
  • Contrasting convertible bond with a common stock position

Valuing mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities (CFA Level II Suggested Reading

  • Cash flow yield of MBS and ABS
  • Nominal spread, zero-volatility spread, and option adjusted spread
  • Monte Carlo simulation model for valuing MBS
  • Relative value analysis of MBS
  • Effective duration and other duration measures
  • Interest rate risk of MBS

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